Plant Cells - Definition and What is a Plant Cell?
The cells of the plants are also known as eukaryotic cells. With an original nucleus along with the specialized structures, which are called organelles, it carries out certain particular functions
Description of the Diagram of a plant cell -
The plant cell looks like a rectangular shape, and as compared to the animal cell, it is relatively larger. Although the plant cell and animal cells are both eukaryotic and also share some of the cell organelles. But plant cells are still quite distinct compared to animal cells as they perform different functions
When the cells are examined under an electron microscope, a few of these differences can be clearly understood.
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What refers to a Plant Cell?
Plant cells, or eukaryotic cells, vary in many fundamental factors from other eukaryotic organisms. Plant, as well as animal both of the cells, contain nucleus along with corresponding organelles. The presence of a cell wall outside the cell membrane is one of the interesting aspects of a plant cell.
Plant Cells Structure - Essential Information
As we all know, in all organisms, the tissue or cell is one of the basic units of life. Just like humans and animals, plants are also composed of many cells. In general, the plant cell is covered by a cell wall that provides shape to the plant cell. Apart from the cell wall, other issues are associated with various cellular activities.
Below, a detailed discussion about the plant cell, about the structure & also functions of different plant cells is listed.
Plant Cell Structure -
Just like we all have various organs within our body, the structure of plant cells includes various components, also known as cell organelles, that perform various functions to sustain themselves. The cell structure includes such parts -
The Cell Wall -
It is a rigid layer that is settled -
- cellulose
- glycoproteins
- lignin
- pectin and hemicellulose.
Outside of the cell membrane, this part is located. It is made of proteins, cellulose & polysaccharides.As per information, the cell wall composition is conducted by microtubules.
It consists of three main layers, which are -
- primary,
- secondary
- and the middle lamella.
The cellulose laid down by enzymes makes the preliminary cell wall.
Watch the Complete video for Overview of Cell:-
The well-known functions of a Cell Wall -
- The cell wall is a vital component of the plant cell, and this part performs
- several essential functions. They are -
- The plant cell wall provides perfect shape, rigidity & also strength.
- This part also protected physical shocks.
- The intake of water helps to control cell expansion.
- A cell wall helps plants in preventing water loss from the cell.
- This part is responsible for transporting elements between as well as across the cell.
- The cell wall mainly acts as a barrier between the external ambiance & interior of the cellular. (etc.)
The Cell membrane Structure -
It is the element that is a semipermeable membrane also present within the cell wall structure. It is formed of a quite thin layer of protein and also fat. The plant structure cell membrane plays a vital role in regulating the entry as well as the exit of particular substances within the cell.
For example, this part helps to keep toxins from entering inside, at the time when nutrients and also essential things are transported across.
The well-known functions of the cell membrane -
● It helps in the maintenance of the shape of the cell.
● Through the balance of endocytosis as well as exocytosis, it helps in regulating cell growth.
● This part also plays a vital role in cell communication systems & cell signaling.
● By allowing the entry of only selected elements into the cell, It acts as a selectively permeable membrane. (etc.)
Nucleus -
The nucleus is an essential membrane-bound structure present only in the eukaryotic cells. As per information, the vital function of a nucleus is to store the important element DNA or hereditary information which is required for such thing -
cell division
metabolism and growth (etc.)
Nucleopore - The part Nuclear membrane is perforated with holes known as nucleopore. This part of the nucleus allows proteins and nucleic acids to pass through.
Nucleolus - This part of the nucleus help in
The manufacture of the cell’s protein-producing structures as well as ribosomes.
The well-known functions of the Nucleus -
Below the important nucleus function are listed -
● This structure of the cell contains the cell’s hereditary information as well as controls the cell’s growth and reproduction.
● In several books, the nucleus has been fairly explained as a membrane-bound structure that comprises the genetic elements.
● This part is not just a storage compartment for DNA, but it also happens to be the home of a few vital cellular processes.
● The plant structure nucleus is the site of transcription. Transcription helps to create various types of RNA from DNA.
● As per information, the central rule of biology states that
DNA is copied into RNA and, after that, proteins. (etc.)
Plastids -
These are known as membrane-bound, which have their DNA. To carry out the method of photosynthesis, they are mandatory to store starch. These parts are also used to synthesize several molecules, which helps to form the building blocks of the cell.
A few of the important types of plastids and their functions are listed below -
Leucoplasts -
This type of plastic is found in the non-photosynthetic cells of plants. They are mainly used for the storage of -
- Protein
- Lipids
- Starch (etc.).
Chloroplasts -
It is a lengthy organelle surrounded by the phospholipid membrane. The chloroplast is shaped like a disc as well as the stroma, which is the fluid within the chloroplast that forms in circular DNA. Every chloroplast formed a green-colored pigment which is known as - chlorophyll. It is required for the method of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll helps to absorb the light energy directly from the sun and uses that energy to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
Chromoplasts -
They are various, colored plastids that are responsible for pigment synthesis as well as for storage in photosynthetic eukaryotic creatures.
Chromoplasts have colors such as
- Red
- orange
- and yellow-coloured pigments
This helps to provide color to all ripe fruits and flowers.
Central Vacuole -
In a mature plant cell, it engaged around 30% of the cell’s volume. Surrounding the structure's central vacuole, Tonoplast is a membrane.
The plant cell central vacuole consists of cell sap. It is a mixture of such things-
- Salts
- Enzyme
- Other substances.
The well-known functions of the Vacuole -
The important functions of vacuole are listed ;
Storage -
A vacuole stores such materials
- Salts
- minerals
- pigments
- proteins
It stores it within the cell. The mixer that fills a vacuole is popularly known as the cell sap.Turgor Pressure -
- The structure vacuoles are filled with water as well as exert force on the cell wall, which is famously known as turgor pressure.
- The Endocytosis and also the Exocytosis -
- The elements are taken in by a vacuole through this endocytosis and excreted through exocytosis. These elements are stored in -
- The cells
- Separated from the cytosol. (etc.)
Golgi Apparatus -
In the various parts of the cell, these are found in all eukaryotic cells that are attached in distributing synthesized macromolecules.
Golgi Bodies Functions -
The actual function is the packaging as well as the secretion of proteins. This part helps to receive proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Moreover, it helps in packaging it into membrane-bound vesicles that are then transported to different destinations, such as -
Lysosomes
Plasma membrane
Or secretion.
These also take part in the transport of lipids as well as the formation of lysosomes.
Ribosomes -
They are one of the smallest membrane-bound elements, which comprise RNA and protein. They are well known for protein synthesis, hence, also referred to as the protein factories of the tissues.
The well-known functions of the Ribosomes -
The vital ribosome function are listed -
It gathers amino acids to form proteins essential to carry out cellular functions.
By the method of DNA transcription, The DNA produces mRNA.
The mRNA helps to synthesize in the nucleus as well as transported to the cytoplasm for the method of protein synthesis.
The ribosomal elements in the cytoplasm are tied around mRNA polymers. The tRNA after that synthesizes proteins.
Mitochondria -
They are the double-membraned elements found in the cytoplasm of all the eukar
yotic cells. They help to gain energy by breaking down the carbohydrate and the sugar molecules; that is why they are also referred to as the - Powerhouse of every cell.
The well-known functions of the mitochondria -
- This cell structure helps to produce energy through the process of "oxidative phosphorylation". The functions are -
- It helps to regulate the metabolic activity of the tissues.
- It also promotes the growth of new cells as well as cell multiplication.
- Mainly formed for detoxifying ammonia in the liver cells
- It plays a vital role in apoptosis or, you can say, programmed cell death
- It is the structure that is responsible for building the parts of the blood as well as different hormones like testosterone and also estrogen.
Lysosome -
This part of plant cells is called suicidal bags because they hold digestive enzymes in an enclosed membrane.
These perform the function of cellular waste disposal by such things -
digesting worn-out organelles
food particles
and foreign bodies in the cell.
Some famous types of plant cells -
Tissues of a matured, as well as higher plant, become perfect for performing certain vital functions which are mandatory for their survival.
The specialized plant cells include such cells -
- Parenchyma cell
- Sclerenchyma cells
- Collenchyma Cells
- Xylem cells
- Phloem cells
Below, a few of the different types of plant cells are listed -
Collenchyma Cells -
They are known as hard, or you can say rigid cells. Due to the lack of hardening agents in primary walls, these cells play a primary role in providing support to the plants when there is Insulation growth in a plant.
Sclerenchyma Cells -
Because of a hardening agent, these tissues are more rigid than the collenchyma cells. These kinds of tissues are normally found in all plant roots as well as mainly engaged in providing support to the plants.
Parenchyma Cells -
Parenchyma tissues play an essential role in all kinds of plants. These are the living tissues of the plants engaged in producing leaves.
They are also engaged in the exchange of a few things -
● Gasses & Production of food
● Storage of organic products
● And also, cell metabolism
Because they are thinner, these cells are specifically more flexible than others.
Xylem Cells -
In vascular plants, these cells are transport cells. These tissues mainly help in the transport of water as well as minerals from the roots to the leaves and also the other parts of the plants.
Phloem Cells -
These tissues are the other important transport cells in vascular plants. They mainly help transport food prepared by the leaves to various parts of the plants.
Wrapping up -
As we all know, without cells, none of the living things would survive. That's why it is natural that, without plant cells, there would be no plants & without plants, we can't survive.
Knowledge about the structure of a plant cell is really important because without knowing it, we can't get a complete idea of any plant.
FAQs
What is meant by a plant cell?
A plant cell contains an original nucleus as well as a few organelles to perform particular functions. Although, a few of the organelles present in plant tissues vary from other eukaryotic cells.
What are the various types of plant cells?
The various types of plant cells include-
● Collenchyma,
● Sclerenchyma,
● Parenchyma,
● Xylem and phloem (etc.).
Which major structures are found only in plant cells?
The organelles found only in plant cells include such things -
● chloroplast
● cell wall
● plastids
● and a large central vacuole.
As per information, the chloroplasts contain a green pigment chlorophyll which is the main reason for photosynthesis.
What is the actual formation of a plant cell wall?
The structure of the cell wall of any plant is cellulose. Cellulose refers to a long as well as linear polymer of many glucose molecules.
In which structure does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
The photosynthesis method occurs at the inside of the chloroplast in plant cells. The element chloroplast is formed of a green pigment popularly known as chlorophyll.
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